Jesus as the "Propitiation" for Our Sins

Hello Beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we furthered our study on the “assistance names,” beginning with “Intercessor” and then moving to “the Advocate.” This month we continue the study of what Elmer Towns calls the “assistance names” by focusing on Jesus as “the Propitiation for our sins.”

As we approach this third title in the assistance names from Towns’ perspective, I must admit that I am a little hesitant to call “the Propitiation for our sins” a title or name of Jesus. This in no way takes away from the truth that Jesus is the propitiation for our sins, but I would probably better label “propitiation” as a function of Christ’s work on the cross. Nevertheless, the concept is extremely important in our discussion of who Christ is and what He has done, so I have decided to discuss the importance of the topic in this article.

We read in 1 John 2 concerning Christ, “He is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the sins of the whole world” 1 John 2:2 (ESV). Further, in a very pivotal passage from the doctrinally rich book of Romans, the Apostle Paul states of Jesus, “God put forward as a propitiation by his blood . . .” Romans 3:25 (ESV). Propitiation comes from the Greek word “hilaskomai,” which means an appeasement of God’s wrath. When used in the context of Christ’s atoning work on the cross, it signifies that God’s wrath was appeased by the blood of Christ; and therefore, God chooses to forgive the sin of human beings. The concept of propitiation is directly connected with the character of God in His holiness and justice. God’s righteousness required a perfect sacrifice to appease the wrath of God toward sin, and the love of God provided this sacrifice in Christ as the Lamb without blemish. Consider what John writes in the fourth chapter of his first epistle, “In this is love, not that we have loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins” 1 John 4:10 ESV.

The Pocket Dictionary of Theological Terms states that propitiation is, “An offering that turns away the wrath of God directed against sin. According to the NT, God has provided the offering that removes the divine wrath, for in love the Father sent the Son to be the propitiation (or atoning sacrifice) for human sin (1 Jn 4:10).” We sing about the cross and consider our Lord’s suffering upon it, but do we take the time to consider the great significance of Christ’s atoning work through propitiation. I leave you with the words of Billy Graham: “The blood of Christ may seem to be a grim, repulsive subject to those who do not realize its true significance, but to those who have accepted his redemption and have been set free from sin’s chains, the blood of Christ is precious.” Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

Names and Titles of Jesus: Assistance Names: The Advocate

Dear beloved, let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we began a study on the “assistance names” for Jesus, beginning with “Intercessor.”  This month we continue to study the “assistance names” by focusing on Jesus as “the Advocate.” 

John writes in his first letter to Ephesus, “My little children, I am writing these things to you so that you may not sin. But if anyone does sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous” 1 John 2:1 (ESV). The Greek word for advocate, parakletos, is defined as “a person who acts as a spokesperson or representative of someone else’s policy, purpose, or cause; especially before a judge in a court of law.” Therefore, the term “advocate” conjures up scenes of courtroom drama. Often, when individuals find themselves in a legal situation, they will hire a lawyer to be an advocate on their behalf. In these legal contexts, lawyers will often request their clients remain silent while they argue the case for the client’s benefit before a judge or jury. Jesus acts in a similar manner before the Father for our benefit. The devil is the accuser, who accuses the saints night and day before God (Revelation 12:10). Jesus, who suffered in our behalf as the substitute for our sin is qualified and capable as the priest after the order of Melchizedek to represent our cause in the court of heaven (Hebrews 5:6-1). Christ’s defense in our behalf relies primarily upon his atoning work on the cross.

Elmer towns points out that Jesus as “Intercessor” pleads with the Father that we might not sin, and as our Advocate He stands with us and argues for our benefit after we have sinned. I leave you with this story:

The story is told of an old gardener, who was a rough, though sometimes gentle man. He was questioned one day as to his unorthodox behavior. His reply was with an analogy of his life struggle. He said, “A few days ago the devil came to tempt me. He was a crafty sort, much like a lawyer debates. When I could no longer argue with him, I asked the nature of his actions towards me. His reply was concerning my soul {which he desperately desired}. I answered to him explaining that Christ has received my soul, ‘lock, stock, and barrel.’ If the devil wanted my soul, he must talk to my Advocate, Jesus Christ.” (AMG Bible Illustrations)

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

Names and Titles of Jesus: Assistance Name: "Intercessor"

Hello Beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we finished a study on the sovereign titles of Jesus as the “Oikodespotes,” which means Master of the house. This month, we move to reflect on what Elmer Towns calls the service names or the “assistance names” for Jesus. These titles, as signified by the word “assistance,” relate to Jesus’ current ministry in “assisting” us as we live the Christian life. Paul states in Galatians 2:20, “I have been crucified with Christ. It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me. And the life I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me” Galatians 2:20 (ESV).

The first assistance name or title given to Jesus is that of “Intercessor.” The writer of Hebrews clearly depicts this title by describing Christ’s high priestly role in heaven when he writes, “Consequently, he is able to save to the uttermost those who draw near to God through him, since he always lives to make intercession for them” Hebrews 7:25 (ESV). In Jesus’ intercession, or His prayer on our behalf, Christ seeks our perseverance in the faith and our resilience no matter whatever trials and struggles we may encounter. Christ is the once for all sacrifice through whom we have access to God (Hebrews 7:27), yet He is in constant prayer for us, interceding for every aspect of our Spiritual well-being. As Paul reminds us, this priestly intercessor is “Christ Jesus . . . the one who died—more than that, who was raised—who is at the right hand of God, who indeed is interceding for us” Romans 8:34 (ESV). It was Job who cried in the midst of great difficulty, “O that a man might plead with God as a man with his neighbor!” Job 16:21 (NASB95). This mediator between God and man is none other than Jesus, “For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus” 1 Timothy 2:5 (ESV). Kent Hughes gives this illustration:

St. Chrysostom, the great fourth-century preacher, provides a helpful analogy. A young boy whose father was away on a trip wanted to present his father with something that would please him. His mother sent him to the garden to gather a bouquet of flowers. The little boy gathered a sorry bouquet of weeds as well as flowers. But when his father returned home, he was presented with a beautifully arranged bouquet, for the mother had intervened, removing all the weeds.The prayers of the church, prevailing, acceptable, and fruitful as they are, are not a thing of beauty as they leave the lips of saints. As they start their way heavenward, they are a mixed bag of weeds with a few stray flowers. When they arrive, however, thanks to the intercession of Christ they are nothing but beautiful flowers. What blessed, comforting thoughts these are as we, amidst our frailties, pray. There is a beautiful aroma from Jesus’ perfect prayers, offered confidently as he sits at the right hand of God. Every prayer hits the mark and graces our lives. The reason he can save us completely is that truly “he always lives to intercede” for us. Though we are finite, he is infinite. Though we are temporal, he is eternal. He prays with the ease of omniscience and omnipotence perfected through his own human suffering. He is praying for us right now! (Kent Hughes . . . An Anchor for the Soul)

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, may the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.

(Much of the content of this newsletter is taken from Elmer Towns The Names of Jesus)

Names and Titles of Jesus: Master of the House

Hello beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we began a study on the sovereign titles of Jesus as the “Epistates,” which means Master or Chief. Today, we will consider the term “Oikodespotes,” which means Master of the house.

Jesus used this term for Himself in many of His parables. The title refers to a master whose sphere of authority is the household estate and its accessories. The two contexts in which the concept is found include both Jesus’ authority over His disciples, who are stewards of God’s mysteries, and His return. Consider the parable of the laborers in the vineyard. In this parable, the Master of the house, “Oikodespotes,” went to get workers for the vineyard early in the morning. They agreed to a day’s wage, also called a denarius. He then said that He would give what was right for workers of the third hour, the sixth hour, the ninth hour, and the eleventh hour. However, when it came time to receive the pay, each worker, no matter when he started, received a full day’s wage, a denarius. Those who worked all day grumbled, thinking they should get more. The “Oikodespotes” responded,

‘Friend, I am doing you no wrong. Did you not agree with me for a denarius? 14 Take what belongs to you and go. I choose to give to this last worker as I give to you. 15 Am I not allowed to do what I choose with what belongs to me? Or do you begrudge my generosity?’ Matthew 20:13–15 (ESV)

Jesus then said that the last will be first and the first last. The matter of rewards is under the sovereign control of Christ. God is free to graciously give kingdom blessings to those whom he chooses, though it may shock some individual’s expectations. It was Charles Spurgeon who said of the great revivalist George Whitfield, “I call the great Whitfield, and a poor needle-woman from the bed of a charity-hospital, before the divine throne to receive their reward. They stand side by side, and each alike hears “Well done.”

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

(Much of the content of this newsletter is taken from Elmer Towns The Names of Jesus)

Names and Titles of Jesus: Master

Hello beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. In the last two months, we considered the teaching titles of Jesus as the “Rabboni,” “Didaskalos,” and “Kathegetes” or Instructor. This month we will continue to focus our attention on Jesus’ title of “Epistates,” which means Master. The Lexham Bible Sense Lexicon defines “Epistates” or Master as “one of greater rank or station or quality who superintends and instructs a group.” Elmer Towns adds, “It is a strong term, meaning ‘chief, commander, leader, or overseer’ . . . It designates the absolute authority of the one so addressed and would ordinarily be considered an honorable title.”

Luke is the only gospel that applies this specific title/word to Christ. He does so in six different sections of his gospel. In Luke 5:5, Simon (Peter) answers Jesus’ request that he and the other fishermen try once again to find a catch of fish in the deep by saying, “Master, we toiled all night and took nothing! But at your word I will let down the nets” Luke 5:5 (ESV). On another occasion, when Jesus was asleep in a boat with His disciples on the sea, a windstorm sent His disciples into a frantic tizzy as they woke Him and said, “Master, Master, we are perishing!” Luke 8:24 (ESV). Jesus responded by rebuking the wind and the waves, which immediately calmed down. He then asked His disciples, “Where is your faith?” And they were afraid, and they marveled, saying to one another, “Who then is this, that he commands even winds and water, and they obey him?” Luke 8:25 (ESV). In the same chapter, a woman who had a discharge of blood for twelve years touched the fringe of Jesus’ garment, expecting to be healed and then she was. Jesus asked, “Who was it that touched me?” When all denied it, Peter said, “Master, the crowds surround you and are pressing in on you!”
Luke 8:45 (ESV). The women confessed her action and situation to which Jesus responded, “Daughter, your faith has made you well; go in peace” Luke 8:48 (ESV). The same title of Master (Epistates) was used by Peter for Jesus at the transfiguration (Luke 9:33); by John, who tried to stop someone from casting out demons in the name of Jesus (Luke 9:49); and by ten lepers who were crying out, “Jesus, Master, have mercy on us” Luke 17:13. (ESV)

Towns insightfully comments on the use of Master (Epistates) for Jesus:

It (Epistates) was apparently never used except by a disciple and in every case occurs within a context in which the speaker’s view of Jesus is somewhat defective. It is always followed by the user being rebuked for his action or conclusion, or the user experiencing something that causes him to grow in his understanding of who Jesus is.

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

(Much of the content of this newsletter is taken from Elmer Towns The Names of Jesus)

Names and Titles of Jesus: Instructor

Hello Beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. In the last two months, we considered the teaching titles of Jesus as the “Rabboni” and “Didaskalos.” This month we will continue to focus our attention on Jesus’ titles as a teacher, but this time as the “Kathegetes” or Instructor.

The word, “Kathegetes” is found on only one occasion in the New Testament, and in that situation, Jesus used the word to describe Himself. In Matthew 23:8-10, Matthew writes:

8  But you are not to be called rabbi, for you have one teacher, and you are all brothers. 9  And call no man your father on earth, for you have one Father, who is in heaven. 10  Neither be called instructors, for you have one instructor, the Christ. Matthew 23:8-10 (ESV)

 In this passage, Jesus is teaching His disciples to avoid the religious leaders’ love for titles of honor like Rabbi, Father, and according to the ESV: “instructor.” The word “Kathegetes” is translated in a variety of manners throughout the many versions of the Bible. The King James Versions translates “Kathegetes” as master, and the New American Standard translates it as leaders or teachers. In the Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament, the word “Kathegetes” is used:

In the NT only in Matt 23:10 (bis), most likely in the sense of master; Jesus rejects any claim to leadership made by anyone in the Church, since he alone is the disciples’ καθηγητής (cf. 23:8 v.l.). The word is used frequently in Hellenistic literature of the authority of teachers and of those whose actions are given as models.

 The reason Jesus’ disciples are not to pridefully pursue these titles is because (1) all believers have one teacher who is “the Christ,” and (2) we as believers are all brothers and sisters through Christ to the Father. Of course, this text does not deny the necessity of teachers in the Church, but rather it speaks against the elevating of some individuals over that of others and the pride that is descriptive of this divisive spirit. Elmer Towns states that the word “Kathegetes,” “conveys the image of a teacher who influences and guides a student not only intellectually but morally. Jesus is unique among teachers in that He alone can teach the truth and lead us most fully in the way of truth.” I leave you with the words of Erwin Lutzer, the famed preacher of Moody Bible Church. “Jesus Christ alone is qualified to guide us into the vast unknown. Since he is the only one who has returned from the grave, he tells us accurately about life after death.”

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

Names and Titles of Jesus: Teacher

Hello beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we considered the titles of Jesus as the “Rabboni.” This month we will continue to focus our attention on Jesus’ titles as an instructor, but this time as the “Didaskalos” or Teacher.

When Nicodemus wanted to see Jesus at night, probably in some sleuth capacity, he opened his discussion with Jesus giving Him not only the high-status title of “Rabbi,” but he also included to title of “Didaskalos.” John states, “Now there was a man of the Pharisees named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews. This man came to Jesus by night and said to him, “Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher come from God, for no one can do these signs that you do unless God is with him”
John 3:1-2 (ESV). Of course, in this conversation, Jesus bested Nicodemus, communicating clear information of the “new birth” and its connection to salvation.

On another occasion, Matthew concludes Jesus’ comprehensive Sermon on the Mount with an awe-inspiring response from the multitudes who heard Him. Matthew writes, “And when Jesus finished these sayings, the crowds were astonished at his teaching, for he was teaching them as one who had authority, and not as their scribes” Matthew 7:28-29 (ESV).

Elmer Towns identified several blocks of teaching that are associated with Jesus’ ministry. These blocks include His Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7), Jesus’ instructions to the disciples before sending them out (Matthew 10), His parables on the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 13), His sermon on the temple and the day of testing (Matthew 21-23), the Olivet Discourse (Matthew 24-25), and the Upper Room Discourse (John 13-16).

When Jesus taught, He did not allude to the many opinions of the great scribes, as was the custom in His day. Rather, like a prophet of old, He spoke as from the Lord. However, Jesus did not say “thus saith the Lord” but rather “I say to you.” Jesus spoke authoritatively and normally did not appeal to the scholastic authorities on the subject. Of course, because Jesus is God in flesh, He held a unique position as the ultimate teacher or “Didaskalos.” Though we can never rise to the level or magnitude of Jesus as a teacher of God’s Word, we should all strive to emulate Christ in His accuracy, trust, and demeanor. Here is a final story of a little boy and his Pastor:

A minister filling in for a teacher of a young boys' class asked, "What do you think Jesus was like?" Doubtless the pastor expected an answer like: He was a good man; He was a poet; He was a carpenter; He was like God. But no. One little fellow raised his hand and replied, "I think Jesus was like my Sunday School teacher." Has anyone ever compared your demeanor and deeds to those of Jesus? (1000 Illustrations for Preaching and Teaching)

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

*Much of the content of this newsletter is taken from Elmer Towns The Names of Jesus.

The Names and Titles of Jesus: Rabbi and Rabboni

Hello beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we considered the titles of Jesus as the “Creator and Sustainer” of the universe. This month we will shift focus a little to direct our attention on Jesus’ titles as an instructor. During Jesus’ ministry, at times He was called “Rabbi” or “Rabboni.”

The first time that the term “Rabbi” was used for Jesus is found in the gospel of John. John the Baptist had designated Jesus as the “Lamb of God,” or the one John had been telling all his disciples about. When Andrew and another disciple (probably John the Apostle) heard this designation, they started following Jesus. Jesus, seeing these two men following Him, turned and asked what they were seeking. The two men wanted to know where Jesus was staying, but in the request, they called Jesus by the title of “Rabbi,” a term of honor. This concept was often used by a student in relation to his “master.” It could also carry the designation of “lord.” Most literally, “Rabbi” is an Aramaic designation for “my great one,” and if not careful the title could easily lead to pride. This was evidently why Jesus condemned the scribes and Pharisees for seeking the insistence that men call them by this term (Matt 23:7-8). In John 1:38, John accommodates his Greek speaking readers by affirming the term meant “teacher.” D.A. Carson writes:

By the end of the first century ad the word became restricted to certain ‘ordained’ teachers who had successfully completed an appropriate course of rabbinical instruction. But at this point in the century there was apparently no official ordination; the title was used as a courtesy honorific, applied by respectful people to those they recognized as public teachers of divine subject matter. (Carson, “The Gospel of John”)

The term “Rabbi” is also used of Jesus by Nathanial (1:49), Nicodemus (3:2), the twelve (4:31), and Jesus’ disciples in general (6:25).

The similar title of “Rabboni” was used only twice, once by Bartimaeus (Mark 10:51) and once by Mary Magdalene (John 20:16). The additional letters “on” to the title inferred a greater sense of loyalty, love, and commitment to one’s teacher. Of course, the designation adds an extra sense of drama and adulation when Mary used the term in John 20 after discerning that the man she was talking to was not the gardener, whom she suspected as knowing where the body of Jesus was taken, but Jesus Himself, risen from the dead.  Reflect on this truth as John writes, “Jesus said to her, “Mary.” She turned and said to him in Aramaic, “Rabboni!” (which means Teacher)” John 20:16 (ESV).

In a fun illustration of the respect still given to the designation “Rabbi,” consider the following story:

(Tel Aviv) Coca-Cola Corporation, a giant in the field, has finally told a rabbi a secret hitherto unknown. Coke's secret formula previously has been known only by the soft drink's founding family and a handful of the corporation's most trusted executives. However, Rabbi Moshe Landau says that he could not pronounce the drink "kosher" unless he knew the contents, since his followers must be certain they can consume a product without violating the Law. So he was given the formula, which is knowledge Coke's competitors presumably would die for. It is considered one of the great corporate secrets of all time. Some of the Rabbi's aides visited the Far East to examine how a secret herbal root essential to the formula is processed. The Rabbi, to satisfy himself, had to visit Coca-Cola plants in Europe and the United States. All is well, he says, so drink up. (Encyclopedia of 15,000 Illustrations: Signs of the Times.)

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

The Names of Jesus: Creator and Sustainer of the Universe

Hello Beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we considered the title of Jesus’ name as the “Prince of Peace.” This was our last of several names for Christ found in the prophetic verse of Isaiah 9:6. This month we will examine the name of Jesus as the “Creator and Sustainer of the Universe.” Our key text for this study will be Colossians 1:15-17.

As God, only Jesus can perform divine functions alongside the other persons of the godhead: the Father and the Spirit. We read of Jesus’ role in creation from passages like John 1:2-3, where the Apostle John communicates of Jesus, “He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made” John 1:2-3 (ESV). In
1 Corinthians 8:6, the Apostle Paul reveals the importance of understanding Jesus’ role as Creator when he writes, “yet for us there is one God, the Father, from whom are all things and for whom we exist, and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we exist”
1 Corinthians 8:6 (ESV). The author of Hebrews also tips his hat to Jesus’ title as the Creator when he states, “in these last days he (God) has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed the heir of all things, through whom also he created the world” Hebrews 1:2 (ESV). And in our focal passage, Colossians 1:15-17, Paul communicates the truth about Jesus as the Creator.

In his letter to the Church at Colossae, the Apostle Paul speaks candidly about Jesus as our Redeemer, and he connects this role to that of Creator. As Genesis 1:27 communicates, we as humanity were made “in the image” of God, but Jesus is the very Image of the invisible God. He is preeminent over or is superior in regard to all of creation, including angelic creatures and other immaterial beings. The Apostle writes, “He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation. For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him. Colossians 1:15-16 (ESV) In verse 17, the apostle links the creative capacity of Christ with His ability to sustain His creation. He explains, “And he is before all things, and in him all things hold together” Colossians 1:17 (ESV). The word for “hold together” (sunistemi) means that Jesus is source of the “glue” that holds together all the universe as well as its component parts. Jesus is the Sustainer of the creation in maintaining the routine and balance of keeping God’s creation functioning like it should. He sends rain, provides sunshine, and watches over the cycles of the seasons. This is what it means for Christ to sustain the creation that He Himself made. William Cullen Bryant wrote:

My heart is awed within me when I think
Of the great miracle that still goes on,
In silence, round me—the perpetual work
Of thy creation, finished, yet renewed forever.
Written on thy works I read
The lesson of thy own eternity.

(Draper's Book of Quotations for the Christian World.)

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

The Names of Jesus: Prince of Peace

Hello Beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we considered the title of Jesus’ name as “Everlasting Father.” This month we will examine the name of “Prince of Peace.” As with the names “Wonderful,” “Counselor,” “Mighty God,” and “Everlasting Father,” “Prince of Peace” is descriptive of the Immanuel child who is “God with us.” In Isaiah 9:6 we read, “For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace” Isaiah 9:6 (ESV).

The title “Prince of Peace” corresponds with the power to rule. Christ, the Immanuel, will rule in a manner that contrasts with much of the leadership that Isaiah’s prophecy addresses, for He will rule in “peace.” The idea of peace becomes an important theme in the book of Isaiah, which is descriptive of a life that trusts in the Lord and follows his ways in uprightness. The idea of peace communicates a comprehensive type of well-being for the whole of the individual and the whole of the community. Often, the concept of peace is closely connected with the idea of righteousness. When peace is associated with the Immanuel child, Jesus, it becomes a major component of the Messiah’s ministry. That is, Jesus will usher in peace. Consider some of these concepts that relate peace with righteousness and justice as found in Isaiah 32:17-18. The prophet writes, “And the effect of righteousness will be peace, and the result of righteousness, quietness and trust forever. My people will abide in a peaceful habitation, in secure dwellings, and in quiet resting places” Isaiah 32:17–18 (ESV).

Interestingly enough, “peace” does imply an end of war and appears to be consistent with the time of this Prince King as Isaiah notes in the second chapter. Isaiah writes, “He shall judge between the nations, and shall decide disputes for many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war anymore” Isaiah 2:4 (ESV). The next verse after Isaiah 9:6 speaks to the peace that this Immanuel child will eventually bring. Isaiah communicates, “Of the increase of his government and of peace there will be no end, on the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish it and to uphold it with justice and with righteousness from this time forth and forevermore. The zeal of the Lord of hosts will do this” Isaiah 9:7 (ESV). Gary Smith explains the significance of this verse as he writes:

Four things are known about the government this ruler will establish. First, when this new son rules, he will limitlessly expand his influence and create peace without end (cf. Ps 2:8). This promise implies that no one will be able to successfully oppose his authority or undermine the positive effects of his government. Such strong statements imply that Isaiah is talking about the final eschatological ruler. Second, this ruler will reign on the throne of David and reestablish his kingdom. This pledge certifies beyond the shadow of a doubt that the text refers to the ultimate fulfillment of the Davidic covenant through a “messianic” figure. Third, his method of ruling will be based on the principles of justice and righteousness. This fact is consistent with the emphasis on justice in 11:4–5 (and 7:15) and contrasts with the behavior of Ahaz, Judah’s present king. Fourth, this Davidic ruler will reign forever as explained in the Davidic covenant (2 Sam 7:16).

We long for the day when King Jesus will reign on this earth in peace. Until then, we are content in knowing that we have peace with God through the blood of the cross (Col 1:20). Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

The Names of Jesus: Everlasting Father

Hello Beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we considered the title of Jesus’ name as “Mighty God.” The previous months, we considered the name of “Wonderful” and “Counselor.” This month we will examine the name of “Everlasting Father.” As with the names “Wonderful,” “Counselor,” and “Mighty God;” “Everlasting Father” is descriptive of the Immanuel child who is “God with us.” In Isaiah 9:6 we read, “For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace” Isaiah 9:6 (ESV).

The first thing we must do when discussing the title of Jesus as “Everlasting Father” is to dispel any misunderstanding that there is no distinction between Jesus as “the Son” and “the Father” in the Biblical doctrine of the Trinity. The Bible clearly articulates that there is only one God (Deuteronomy 6:4) who reveals Himself in three persons: Father, Son, and Spirit (Matthew 28:19-20). An ancient heresy called “modalism” claimed that God merely revealed Himself in different modes at different times. In one instance, God would reveal Himself as Father. In another instance, God would reveal Himself in the mode of Son. And yet, in another instance, God would reveal Himself as the Holy Spirit. The idea of “modalism” has long been rejected by the orthodox Church, though there are some traditions of Christianity that still accept this belief today.

The idea of Jesus as the “Everlasting Father,” from Isaiah 9:6, is better understood as the “Father of eternity” or “one who is eternally a Father.” The term “Father” would designate a “quality” of the Messiah in this context. The Messiah acts toward his people like a father. It is said of many kings in the ancient texts that they were a “father” to their people. This quality can be seen in Psalm 103:13; “As a father shows compassion to his children, so the LORD shows compassion to those who fear him" Psalm 103:13 (ESV). In a similar manner to that of the character of the good shepherd, the “Father” guards his people and supplies their needs. Elmer Towns claims that another way to perceive this text in relation to the Messiah is that He is like the “founding father” of eternity, giving birth to time and history. Towns would claim we should perceive “Father” in a similar manner to the way we look at the pioneers and founding fathers of our nation. Given the attribute of eternity, the title “Everlasting Father” most definitely speaks to the deity of Jesus Christ.

What a perceived conundrum! This “Child” of Isaiah 9:6 is actually an “Everlasting Father.” Consider the thought posed in this next paragraph:

When a young mother has her first babe, if it whimpers and cries she thinks that pains and diseases are about to seize it. But the grandmother, that has had the care of her own children and her children's children, is not troubled when she hears a child cry. Now God is the everlasting Father of nations. For thousands of years he has been educating them towards manhood. There is no possible fantasy, or error, or deceit that is not perfectly familiar to him. There is not a road of prosperity or of adversity that he does not know. There is not a path that nations have ever trod, or that they will ever tread with which he is not acquainted. And, you that are distressed, where is your God? Are you men that have faith in God when the sun shines, and that have no faith in him when it is cloudy? (Bible Illustrations - Heartwarming Bible Illustrations.)

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

The Names of Jesus: Mighty God

Hello Beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we considered the title of Jesus’ name as “Counselor.” The previous month, we considered the name of “Wonderful.” This month we will examine the name of “Mighty God.” As with the names “Wonderful” and “Counselor,” “Mighty God” is descriptive of the Immanuel child who is “God with us.” In Isaiah 9:6 we read, “For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.” Isaiah 9:6 (ESV)

“Mighty God” is transliterated as the “El Gibbor” in the Hebrew language. In relation to identifying Jesus as God, we find several passages in the New Testament that attribute deity to Jesus. In Philippians 2:6, the Apostle Paul writes of Jesus, “though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped” Philippians 2:6 (ESV). The word for form (morphe) bears the connotation of the “essence” of the thing reflected fully and truly. Jesus is the very essence of God. In John 1:1, the Apostle John writes, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God” John 1:1 (ESV). The “Word” is another name for Jesus, and this text speaks of Jesus distinction in person from the Father while communicating His full deity with the Father. In Hebrews 1:3, the Biblical author writes of Jesus, “He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature . . .” Hebrews 1:3 (ESV). This verse describes Jesus as God and how He radiates the essential glory of God. Finally, in Colossians 2:1, the Apostle Paul claims that Jesus “is the image of the invisible God . . .” Colossians 1:15 (ESV). Here, Paul declares that Jesus is the very likeness of God in His representation and manifestation.

Often, the word “gibbor” or “mighty” was descriptive of soldiers who were distinguished through battle. These men usually had exceptional strength and intuition. The word “gibbor” also refers to God in his ability to protect and defend those who are His. We read in Psalm 45 of this mighty God: “Gird your sword on your thigh, O mighty one, in your splendor and majesty! In your majesty ride out victoriously for the cause of truth and meekness and righteousness; let your right hand teach you awesome deeds!” Psalm 45:3-4 (ESV). The concept of “gibbor” refers to God’s omnipotence, and in the name of Jesus, it speaks of His power. I will leave you with this poem by Robert Louis Stevenson from My Heart Sings.

The stars shine over the mountains,
the stars shine over the sea,
The stars look up to the mighty God,
the stars look down on me;
The stars shall last for a million years,
a million years and a day,
But God and I will live and love,
when the stars have passed away.

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

The Names of Jesus: Counselor

Hello Beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we considered the title of Jesus’ name as “Wonderful.” This month we will further the study of this name and its connections to other names for Jesus in examining the name of “Counselor.” As with the name “Wonderful,” “Counselor” is also descriptive of the Immanuel child who is “God with us.” In Isaiah 9:6 we read, “For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.” Isaiah 9:6 (ESV)

As this name implies, a “Counselor” is someone who gives advice about problems. There are many counselors who desire to impart wisdom about how one should live his or her life. We pay money to see psychologists and psychiatrists that we think have the human psyche mastered. However, there are ideas, principles, and precepts that many of these so-called professionals communicate which are very wrong. A good number of these professionals follow philosophical worldviews that flow contrary to the truth of God’s Word. On the other hand, there is one man who is all wise because He is omniscient, and that man is Jesus. The Apostle Paul states that in Jesus “are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.” Colossians 2:3 (ESV) Elsewhere, the Apostle states that Christ Jesus “. . . became to us wisdom from God. . .” 1 Corinthians 1:30 (ESV)

As the “Counselor” Jesus always knows the exact right thing to do in every circumstance. That means that he never made or makes a mistake, and that He always responds in the exact right way. Jesus desires to counsel us with this wisdom. Beware of counselors that follow the way of our adversary, “the Devil.” Rather, follow the counsel of those who communicate the true Word, who speak the grace of truth into each situation, and whose counsel is permeated by the love of Christ.

Let me leave you with a story about how Jesus is the ultimate counselor from Tony Campolo. He writes, If you were to have psychotherapy, after a brief while you would feel terrific because everything that's negative about you gets transferred over to the therapist. At the end of a session, a good psychotherapist is feeling terrible, and the patient is feeling great because through the process of discussion, everything negative about you has been moved over to the psychiatrist. Jesus is the ultimate counselor, the ultimate psychotherapist who takes upon himself everything that's dirty, ugly, or rotten—everything that has you down on yourself. He takes it upon himself. He makes it his own. That's the good news of the gospel. You can have the childlike freedom that comes with deliverance from all that is negative and dark. You are able to live life passionately. intensely, and with great excitement. (Today's Best Illustrations)

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “may the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your Spirit.”

*Some material for this newsletter article taken from “The Names of Jesus” by Elmer Towns.

The Names of Jesus: Wonderful

Hello Beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we considered the title of Jesus’ birth name as “Immanuel.” This month we will further the study of this name and its connections to other names for Jesus, specifically the name of “Wonderful.”

Normally, I utilize Elmer Towns book The Names of Jesus in a very minimal way, simply taking a couple of ideas from his content and then expanding on my own research. However, this month, due to Towns’ prolific treatment of the name “Wonderful,” I will be giving him credit for the content of this article by summarizing his description of the name.

In the “Immanuel” section of Isaiah, we read that this child will have other names including “Wonderful.” Isaiah 9:6 states, “For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.” Isaiah 9:6 (ESV)

Interestingly, the name “Wonderful” was used of the angel who brought the news about the birth of Samson to Manoah and his wife. When asked his name, the angel stated, “Why do you ask my name, seeing it is wonderful?” Judges 13:18 (ESV) Could this “angel of the LORD” be the pre-incarnate Christ? The word for “Wonderful” in Judges is the same Hebrew word used in Isaiah, peli’y. Isaiah described the son who was to be given as “Wonderful.” Some combine “Wonderful” and “Counselor” into one name (Wonderful Counselor), but both words are used as independent names elsewhere and “Wonderful” is a noun, not an adjective. Therefore, we will take “Wonderful” as one name.

There are three senses that help to understand the definition of “Wonderful.” First, the word carries the connotation of something that is marvelous or spectacular. In fact, it is common for the Biblical expression of “signs and wonders” to refer to something that is miraculous, and leaves people feeling a sense of wonder. This was often the response by the crowds to Jesus’ miraculous works (Matthew 15:31). Second, there is a mysterious aspect to the name of “Wonderful,” in that it expresses and hides the incomprehensible. Even when Jesus’ name is studied, there is still mystery that remains. Third, the idea of wonderful tends to separate from the regular and common toward that which is majestic.

Jesus is called “Wonderful” because in His identity, He is a union of both God and Man. This truth contains deep mystery. Jesus is “Wonderful” because in his industry, he accomplished the wonderful work of creation and redemption that causes us to sit back and wonder. Jesus is “Wonderful” because in His destiny, He is the exalted King of Kings and Lord of Lords who initially humbled Himself by becoming a servant. (Phil 2:5-11)

We must respond to Jesus as “Wonderful” through adoration, worship, devotion, and communion. It is the great prince of preachers, Charles Spurgeon, who said, “Beloved, there are a thousand things in this world that are called by names that do not belong to them; but in entering upon my text, I must announce at the very opening, that Christ is called Wonderful, because he is so.” Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

The Names of Jesus: Immanuel

Hello Beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we considered the title of Jesus as “Mediator.” This month, as we move into Jesus’ birth names and the start of the Christmas season, we will consider Jesus as “Immanuel.”

The name “Immanuel” means “God with us.” Ever since I was a little child, there has been something magical about the name of “Immanuel.” Of course, when I discovered that the name was connected to Jesus, especially at Christmas time, the name seemed to be much more meaningful to me. However, it was when I understood the origins of the name that my appreciation for “Immanuel” truly deepened.

In the birth narrative of the gospel of Matthew, Jospeh was visited in a dream by an angel who connected the name of “Jesus” with that of “Immanuel.” The angel stated of Mary, Joseph’s betrothed; “‘She will bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.” All this took place to fulfill what the Lord had spoken by the prophet: “Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and they shall call his name Immanuel’ (which means, God with us).” Matthew 1:21-23 (ESV)

I wondered which prophet Matthew was referring to. A quick glance at the footnote in my Bible communicated that Matthew was citing Isaiah 7:14. As I studied this second passage, I became confused because its meaning did not seem clearly apparent at first sight. But as I spent time in the Scripture, I soon discovered the value that comes from mining the jewels in God’s Word. It turns out that during the reign of Ahaz in Judah, both Israel and Syria were planning a military campaign against this tiny nation. Ahaz, who had issues with faith in God, was checking his water supply when the prophet Isaiah met him. Isaiah communicated that God had given Ahaz what one might call a “blank check,” and to ask any sign from God for confidence in Him. Ahaz gave a note of religiosity, in a misapplication of his claim not to test God. In reality, Ahaz simply did not believe God. Isaiah told Ahaz that God would give him a sign. He states:

14  Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. 15  He shall eat curds and honey when he knows how to refuse the evil and choose the good. 16  For before the boy knows how to refuse the evil and choose the good, the land whose two kings you dread will be deserted. Isaiah 7:14-16 (ESV)

It turns out that there would be an immediate sign of deliverance for Ahaz and Judah from the nations of Syria and Israel, exhibited through a child that would be born to a “then” virgin in Israel. The identity of this woman is debated, but I think it is Isaiah’s wife from what we read in Isaiah 8. However, the greater and more important fulfillment came in the birth of the true Deliverer or Savior, Jesus, who is God with us.

The name “Immanuel” or “God with us” signifies the Incarnation of Jesus in that God the second person of the Trinity became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory (John 1:14). During the Christmas season, we celebrate that God, who made His presence known to the people of Israel through His Shekinah glory in the tabernacle, also made His presence known in a similar way through His Son who became flesh.

Emmanuel, Emmanuel,
His name is called Emmanuel.
God with us, revealed in us,
His name is called Emmanuel.
(by Bob McGee)

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

The Names of Jesus: Mediator

Hello Beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we considered the title of Jesus as “Pioneer.” This month we will consider Jesus as “Mediator.” This word comes from the Greek “mesites.” Vines defines “mesites” as “a go-between” (from mesos, ‘middle,’ and eimi, ‘to go’), it is used in two ways in the NT, (a) ‘one who mediates’ between two parties with a view to producing peace, as in 1 Tim. 2:5 . . .  (b) ‘one who acts as a guarantee’ so as to secure something which otherwise would not be obtained.”

Paul gives us an example of the first aspect of Christ as “Mediator” in 1 Timothy 2:5 when he writes, “For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus”
1 Timothy 2:5 (ESV). In this passage, Paul communicates that Jesus is the One who provides salvation and redemption for humanity, and the way He does it is by being the “Mediator” or
“Go-between” in relation to God and humanity. Jesus possesses all the attributes of humanity as He came in the “likeness” of sinful flesh yet did not sin (Romans 8:3; Hebrews 4:15). As Jesus is fully God (Colossians 2:9), He was able to touch God in all His purity and holiness, and as Jesus is fully man (Hebrews 2:14-17), He is able to identify with, touch, and heal humanity. In this way, Jesus was the perfect sacrifice to bring reconciliation between God and man, paying the ransom for humanity’s sins as the vicarious substitute. This is one of the reasons that most of the heresies throughout the history of the Church have either denied the deity of Jesus Christ, such as the Arians or Jehovah’s witnesses, or they have denied the humanity of Jesus, such as the first century Docetists.

In the second use of the word “mesites,” Jesus as mediator is the “Guarantor.” This concept can be found in passages like Hebrews 8:6 and 9:15, where Jesus acts to secure the salvation that we could not obtain. The author of Hebrews writes:

6  But as it is, Christ has obtained a ministry that is as much more excellent than the old as the covenant he mediates is better, since it is enacted on better promises. Hebrews 8:6 (ESV)

13 For if the blood of goats and bulls, and the sprinkling of defiled persons with the ashes of a heifer, sanctify for the purification of the flesh, 14 how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, purify our conscience from dead works to serve the living God. 15 Therefore he is the mediator of a new covenant, so that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance, since a death has occurred that redeems them from the transgressions committed under the first covenant. Hebrews 9:13-15 (ESV)

 In Hebrews 8:6, Christ’s ministry as “Mediator” is greater than that of the Aaronic priesthood because it relates to a superior covenant. In Hebrews 9:16, it is by Jesus’ mediation that the saved may receive the “eternal inheritance,” because Christ has brought redemption from transgression. Through Christ’s death as the “Mediator” or “Guarantor,” He obtained the “eternal inheritance” that we could not obtain for ourselves.

Consider this illustration in conclusion:

Hendrik W. van der Merwe was born June 24, 1929 in rural South Africa. He grew up in a Quaker home and received his Bachelor's degree in 1956 and his Master's degree in sociology in 1957 from the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa. He was awarded the Ph.D. in Sociology in 1963, from the University of California, Los Angeles. In 1963, he returned to South Africa to teach sociology at Rhodes University in Grahamstown.

He began pioneering the development of conflict resolution and peace studies in South Africa. In 1981, he organized the first training courses in handling community conflicts. He soon became one of the leading white leaders in the anti-apartheid movement.

He developed strong ties with the Mandela family and visited Nelson Mandela in prison. He eventually mediated Nelson's release. He mediated in local, regional and national conflicts, including between Inkatha and the United Democratic Front in Natal in 1985-86 and he arranged the first meetings between the ANC and the Afrikaner Freedom Foundation in 1992.

Hendrik's life was characterized by straightforward honesty and passionate moral convictions. His courageous work against apartheid and his great skill as a mediator contributed significantly to South Africa's peaceful transformation to democracy.

In Jesus Christ, we have a mediator who is superior to any mediator that has ever or will ever live. For Christ has mediated the difference between sinful man and Holy God by giving His life as a Holy Sacrifice. (Peter Kennedy . . . Preaching Illustrations Vol 1.)

Until next time this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

The Names of Jesus: Pioneer

Hello Beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we considered the title of Jesus as “The Last Adam.” This month we will consider Jesus as “Pioneer.” The concept comes from the Greek archegos and is also translated as “leader” or “founder.” There are primarily two passages we will consider that make this connection with Christ in the book of Hebrews.

10  For it was fitting that he, for whom and by whom all things exist, in bringing many sons to glory, should make the founder of their salvation perfect through suffering. Hebrews 2:10 (ESV)

2  looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God. Hebrews 12:2 (ESV)

 The term archegos was often used in the Greek Old Testament (LXX) for leading the tribes through the wilderness. The sense of “founder” or “pioneer” can be seen in Hebrews 2:10. In this passage, the author of Hebrews describes the implications of Christ’s sufferings. The passage connects the function of Jesus as Creator with the truth of His incarnation, and then communicates that our Lord was made fully complete for the purpose of His office through suffering.

 In Hebrews 12:2, Christ is described as the forerunner and example of a life of faith. Christ’s suffering and exaltation was unprecedented. In this, Christ is the “pioneer” who has opened the way so that we may follow Him.

 I loved watching the old Star Trek shows when I was coming up. Captain Kirk was always visiting a strange new far-off land, and it seemed like he was falling in love with a new girl in just about every episode. Nevertheless, I remember the opening of each episode always ended with the phrase “going where no man has gone before.” Captain Kirk and the starship enterprise traveled to new and distant lands as “pioneers,” and they made it possible for other humans to follow in their footsteps. Well, in a greater, and more realistic manner, Christ suffered and died for our sins on an old rugged cross. He was buried and rose from the dead. He is the pioneer who went where we could not go. We trust by faith that His death on the cross frees us from the penalty of sin, and we must follow Him, “our pioneer.” Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.

The Names of Jesus: The Last Adam

Hello Beloved,

Let us continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus. Last month, we considered the title of Jesus as “The Propitiation.” This month we will consider Jesus as “The Last Adam.” There are primarily two passages that make this connection between Christ, “the Last Adam,” and the first man who was created, “the First Adam.” Romans 5:12-19 communicates:

12 Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through sin, and so death spread to all men because all sinned . . . For if many died through one man’s trespass, much more have the grace of God and the free gift by the grace of that one man Jesus Christ abounded for many. 16 And the free gift is not like the result of that one man’s sin. For the judgment following one trespass brought condemnation, but the free gift following many trespasses brought justification. 17 For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man, much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of righteousness reign in life through the one man Jesus Christ. 18 Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of righteousness leads to justification and life for all men. 19 For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so by the one man’s obedience the many will be made righteous.
Romans 5:12; 15; 19 (ESV)

In this passage, we learn that because of Adam’s disobedience and sin, we all come into this world with the disease of sin. We are sinners by nature and by choice. Elmer Towns compares our condition to that of a child who is born into this world from a mother who is a drug addict. The child comes into this world with the addiction to that drug, just as we enter this world with a bent toward sin. Nevertheless, though we have been affected by the disease of sin from the First Adam, the Bible communicates we are all guilty of sin and deserving of death. And though through Adam’s sin, death reigns; through Christ, all (that is who are in Christ) will receive life. We must remember that Paul is talking about the two representative heads. Adam represents all who are in him and experience the disease of sin and death. This includes every human being. Christ, the “Last Adam,” represents all who are in Him and receive life through His obedience. The way one is joined to the “Last Adam,” or Christ, is through repentance and faith in His death, burial, and resurrection
(Rom 10:9-10).

The theme of the First and Last Adam is taken up again in 1 Corinthians 15. In this text, the Apostle Paul clarifies how the “Last Adam” brings about life through resurrection. He writes:

45 Thus it is written, “The first man Adam became a living being”; the last Adam became a life-giving spirit. 46 But it is not the spiritual that is first but the natural, and then the spiritual. 47 The first man was from the earth, a man of dust; the second man is from heaven. 48 As was the man of dust, so also are those who are of the dust, and as is the man of heaven, so also are those who are of heaven. 49 Just as we have borne the image of the man of dust, we shall also bear the image of the man of heaven. 1 Corinthians 15:45-49 (ESV)

Paul communicates the promise that all who are in Christ, “the Last Adam,” will be conformed to the image of the man of heaven, Jesus. He goes on to describe the change that occurs “in a moment” for those who are in Christ. He writes, “For this perishable body must put on the imperishable, and this mortal body must put on immortality.” 1 Corinthians 15:53 (ESV) As Christ overcame death through the resurrection, so also, will all those “in Christ” overcome death through resurrection. May we rejoice in the victory that the “Last Adam” has gained for us who are in Christ by overcoming sin and death. I conclude my article with this story from an unknown source.

A few years ago I was going away to preach one Sunday morning, when a young man drove up in front of us. He had an aged woman with him.

"Who is that young man?" I asked.

"Do you see that beautiful meadow?" said my friend, "and that land there with the house upon it?"

"Yes."

"His father drank that all up," said he; and he went on to tell me all about him. His father had been a great drunkard, squandered his property, died and left his wife in the poor-house. "And that young man is one of the finest young men I ever knew. He has toiled hard and earned money, and bought back the land; he has taken his mother out of the poorhouse, and now he is taking her to church."

I thought, that is an illustration for me. The first Adam in Eden sold us for naught, but the Messiah, the last Adam, came and bought us back again. The first Adam brought us to the poorhouse, as it were; the last Adam makes us kings and priests unto God. That is redemption. We get in Christ all that Adam lost, and more. Men look on the blood of Christ with scorn and contempt; but the time is coming when the blood of Christ will be worth more than all the kingdoms of the world. (From: Anecdotes, Incidents and Illustrations)

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your Spirit.”

The Names of Jesus: The Propitiation

Hello Beloved,

As we continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus, we have moved to the New Testament. Last month, we considered the title of Jesus as “The Lamb of God.” This month we will consider Jesus as “The Propitiation.” A few Sunday nights ago we studied Romans 3:21-25, which details the sacrifice of Christ as a propitiation by which God’s righteousness was manifested. The text states,

21  But now the righteousness of God has been manifested apart from the law, although the Law and the Prophets bear witness to it— 22  the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe. For there is no distinction: 23  for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24  and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, 25  whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith. This was to show God’s righteousness, because in his divine forbearance he had passed over former sins. 26  It was to show his righteousness at the present time, so that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. Romans 3:21-26 (ESV)

The text clearly connects the redemption payment of a ransom to God through the blood of Jesus by the term “propitiation.” Please note that verse twenty-five describes Christ’s sacrifice that brought redemption as “a propitiation by his blood.” In 1 John 4:10, the beloved disciple, John, writes of God’s love, “In this is love, not that we have loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins.” 1 John 4:10 (ESV)

The word for propitiation (hilaskomai) is also used in the Greek Old Testament called the Septuagint (LXX) to describe the mercy seat. This was the cover on the Ark of the Covenant where the Ten Commandments were housed. Every year on the Day of Atonement, the blood of a goat that had been sacrificed for the people of Israel was sprinkled on the mercy sea, the place where reconciliation occurred between God and man. We see the concept of propitiation translated this way in Hebrews as the author writes of that which was above the tablets in the Ark of the Covenant, “Above it were the cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat (hilasterion). Of these things we cannot now speak in detail.” Hebrews 9:5 (ESV)

In the gospel of Luke, Jesus portrayed the tax collector in the so-called sinner’s prayer as beating his breast and using this term (hilaskomai) as he called on God to show him mercy. Jesus contrasted the prideful prayer of a tax collector with that of a Pharisee, communicating, “But the tax collector, standing far off, would not even lift up his eyes to heaven, but beat his breast, saying, ‘God, be merciful (hilaskomai) to me, a sinner!’ Luke 18:13 (ESV) interestingly, it has been stated of Jesus that he was the priest, the sacrifice, and the mercy seat in that which brought us reconciliation with God.

The term, propitiation, has been debated over the last half century, as it conveys the idea that Christ’s sacrifice provided full satisfaction to appease the wrath of God toward sin. Some interpreters do not like the idea that Christ’s death on the cross appeased God’s wrath and prefer the term “expiation,” which conveys more of a covering and forgiveness of sin because they think the idea of propitiation has pagan roots in the appeasement of anger for the gods and goddesses of the Greek pantheon. However, these gods are obviously different in their personal whims and petty humanoid interests as compared with that of the pure holiness of the just and righteous one true God.

The attributes of God’s holiness and justice must reveal wrath toward sin, but this wrath was appeased at the cross where God displayed His attributes of love and mercy. Consider this final thought.

The geographical heart of London is Charing Cross. All distances are measured from it. This spot is referred to simply as “the cross.” A lost child was one day picked up by a London “bobby.” The child was unable to tell where he lived. Finally, in response to the repeated questions of the bobby, and amid sobs and tears, the little fellow said, “If you will take me to the cross I think I can find my way from there.” (Jessie Brown Pounds in Encyclopedia of 15,000 illustrations).

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”

The Names of Jesus: The Lamb of God

Hello Beloved,

As we continue our study of the names and titles for Jesus, we have moved to the New Testament. Last month, we considered the title of Jesus as “Savior.” This month we will consider Jesus as “The Lamb of God.” Elmer Towns notes that only John the Baptist uses the title “Lamb of God” for Jesus in the first twenty-six books of the Bible, and it is the Apostle John who uses the same title twenty-six times in the last book of the Bible, Revelation.

We often recall the story about how John the Baptist recognized Jesus as Messiah or the Christ. John had been told by God that he would know the Messiah for He would be the one on whom the Spirit descended and remained. Sure enough, when Jesus came to John to be baptized and John did his duty, the Spirit descended, like that of a dove, upon Jesus (John 1:32). It was this Jesus before whom John pointed his finger and in no uncertain terms told his disciples, “Behold! The Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!!” (John 1:29 ESV).

John was the son of a priest, Zachariah. Now, I am certain that old Zachariah spoke often to John about the morning and evening sacrifice in the temple for each day which usually involved a lamb. I am also sure that Zachariah told his son about the Passover lamb, the importance of the blood that covered the doorpost and lintel of the house from the Passover story, and how the blood protected the people from the death angel. And finally, I am absolutely certain that Zachariah told John about the substitutionary significance of the lamb that was slain in the Jewish sacrificial system, and how it foreshadowed the one who would be slain in our place and for our sin. For instance, the fifty-third chapter of Isaiah communicates about the Christ that “All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned—every one—to his own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and like a sheep that before its shearers is silent, so he opened not his mouth” (Isaiah 53:6-7 ESV). I am most assured that these truths from God’s Word are why John pointed to Jesus and called Him the “Lamb of God.” John’s followers took notice, and many of them stopped being disciples of John and became disciples of Jesus. Jesus was and is the Lamb who bore the sin of the world, and it was He who died as the perfect spotless sacrifice to take away sin. It was our sin that Jesus bore on His body as He hung on that tree we call a cross (1 Peter 2:24), and for those who trust in Jesus’ sacrifice, their sin is removed as far as the east is from the west (Psalm 103:12).

In the final book of the New Testament, Revelation, there is a pretty amazing scene that takes place in heaven during the fifth chapter. To give you a little background, John saw a scroll that represented the very future of the world, and it appeared that there was no one in heaven, or on earth, or under the earth who could take the scroll and break its seals to look into it. As John began to weep, one of the elders in heaven told John to stop weeping because, “behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has conquered, so that he can open the scroll and its seven seals” Revelation 5:5 (ESV). However, when John looked up, he saw this Lion taking the form of “a Lamb standing, as though it had been slain” Revelation 5:6 (ESV). Jesus is the Lamb who took the scroll, receiving praise from the living creatures and heavenly elders, as they sang, “Worthy are you to take the scroll and to open its seals, for you were slain, and by your blood you ransomed people for God from every tribe and language and people and nation, and you have made them a kingdom and priests to our God, and they shall reign on the earth” Revelation 5:9-10 (ESV). Afterwards, multitudes of angels joined in the chorus, singing, “Worthy is the Lamb who was slain, to receive power and wealth and wisdom and might and honor and glory and blessing!” Revelation 5:12 (ESV). Then all creation sang, “To him who sits on the throne and to the Lamb be blessing and honor and glory and might forever and ever!” Revelation 5:13 (ESV). Jesus, “The Lamb of God,” did conquer through the shedding of his blood so as to defeat sin and its consequence of death. Salvation and Justification, or being made right(eous) with God, comes only by trusting in the Lamb who was slain for our sin. I leave you with this thought: The Chinese character for "righteousness" is most interesting. It is composed of two separate characters—one standing for a lamb, the other for me. And when "lamb" is placed directly above "me," a new character—"righteousness"—is formed. (Encyclopedia of 15,000 Illustrations: Signs of the Times.)

Until next time, this is Pastor Daniel writing, “May the Grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.”